Catchwords:

INDUSTRIAL LAW – appeal against quantum of pecuniary penalties for contraventions of ss 230(1)(b) and (c) and 233(2) of the Fair Work (Registered Organisations) Act 2009 (Cth) – whether primary judge erred in not ascribing a particular penalty to each contravention – whether primary judge misunderstood totality principle – whether primary judge erred in concluding that specific deterrence was relevant – whether primary judge erred in concluding certain contraventions were not part of single course of conduct – whether penalties manifestly excessive – where primary judge erred in assessing a single penalty for multiple contraventions – consideration of appropriate penalty in circumstances