Catchwords:

INDUSTRIAL LAW – appeal from liability and penalty decisions of a judge of the Federal Court of Australia – quantification of penalties – identification of contract for services and prejudice for adverse action arising from a threat to take industrial action – application of the course of conduct principle to industrial action on consecutive days –– application of s 556 to separate contraventions – totality and whether a judge’s statement that it has been considered should be accepted – parity in relation to a respondent who is in a markedly different position to other respondents – whether loss and cost must be quantifiable on the evidence before it can be taken into account