Catchwords:

INDUSTRIAL LAW— appeal against quantum of pecuniary penalties for contraventions of s 500 of Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) — where penalties imposed on appellant union a higher proportion of the maximum penalties for each contravention than those imposed on its officials, whether penalties manifestly excessive — whether reliance on appellant’s history of contraventions indicates that the sentencing discretion miscarried — whether primary judge misapplied parity principle